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especting the merits of Christ.) Precisely as it must be said of these dogmas that they are certain, not through scientific proofs, but through the fides infusa (ibid. d. 24), even so must we say of the moral commandments which are given us. It is not because it is evil that God has forbidden us this or that, but it North Face Outlet is evil because he has forbidden it. Had he commanded murder or other trangressions, they would have been no transgressions and no sin (ibid. d. 37). The last adduced principle forms a convenient transition to his ethics. Whoever, like Thomas, lays the greater stress on the theoretical side of the soul, must, with Aristotle, put theory above practice, and with such a one, if the Christian idea of blessedness be added, it must assume a peculiar form. Here, therefore, blessedness is conceived as the knowing and beholding of God, as delectatio in God, and therefore, as a theoretic enjoyment. With Duns, who allows to the will precedence over the thinking power, the matter must naturally take another form. The authority of Aristotle alarms him not; it is, in his view, only the North Face Jackets philosopher, with his temporal blessedness, who is opposed to him, when he himself maintains, as the Christian and

theological view, that love, therefore the will, confers the highest blessedness, so that it seems to him almost too quietistic to call it delectatio (Rep. Paris, iv, d. 49, qu. 1 and 2). How he disposes of the Biblical authority, according to which eternal life consists in knowing God, has been mentioned above. As, through his stronger emphasizing of the will, he separates himself from Aristotle's deification of theory, Moncler Jackets naturally with him the Augustinian will-lessness must disappear. Duns is a decided synergist. To be sure, the will is not sufficient for salvation; it needs to be assisted through the infusion of the theological virtue of charitas (ibid. qu. 10); but it must be remembered also that Christ only names himself the Door, but the door does not render entrance superfluous. Entrance requires the co-operation of man (Op. Oxon. iii, d. 19). He does not scruple, therefore, to name the appropriation of salvation Moncler Outlet through faith a merit which will be rewarded. It is no contradiction to say that when God shows himself compassionate only, he, when just, also decides the act of man (Rep. Paris, iv, d. 46).""The admirers of Scotus extol his acuteness and subtlety as unrivalled, and he has always been

accounted the chief glory of the Franciscans, as Thomas Aquinas has been of their rivals, the Dominicans. If in his short life he actually wrote all the works that are commonly attributed to him, his industry at least must have been prodigious. His fame during his lifetime, and long after his death, was Cheap Ugg Boots  not exceeded by that of any other of the Scholastic doctors. From him and Aquinas two opposing sects in theology took the names of Scotists and Thomists, and divided the schools down almost to the last age. The leading tenet of the Scotists was the immaculate conception of the Virgin, and they also differed from the Thomists on the subjects of free-will and the efficacy of divine grace. In philosophy the Scotists are opposed to the Occamists, or followers of William Occam, who was himself a pupil of Scotus, but differed from his master on the subject of universals, or general terms, which the Scotists maintained to be expressive of real existences, while the Occamists held them to be nothing Ugg Boots For Cheap  more than names. Hence the Scotists are called Realists, the Occamists Nominalists. It is a favorite opinion of Bayle's that this doctrine of the Scotists was nothing less than an undeveloped Spinozism (Diet.