zekiel, being commanded, as a symbolical action, to bake his bread with human dung, excuses himself from the use of an unclean thing, and is permitted to employ cows' dung instead (Ezek. iv, 12-15). This Ugg Boots Clearance shows that the dung of animals, at least of clean animals, was usual, and that no ideas of ceremonial uncleanness were attached to its employment for this purpose. The use of cowdung for fuel is known to European villagers, who, at least in the west of England, prefer it in baking their bread " under the crock," on account of the long-continued and equable heat which it maintains. It is there also not unusual in a summer evening to see aged people travelling the green lanes with baskets to collect the cakes of cow-dung which have dried upon the road. This helps out the ordinary fire of wood, and makes it burn longer. In many thinly-wooded parts of south-western Asia, the dung of cows, camels, Discount Ugg Boots horses, asses, whichever may happen to be the most common, is collected with great zeal and diligence from the streets and highways, chiefly by young girls. They also
hover on the skirts of travellers, and there are often amusing scrambles among them for the droppings of the cattle. The dung is mixed up with chopped straw and made into cakes, which are stuck up by their Moncler Outlet own adhesiveness against the walls of the cottages, or are laid upon the declivity of a hill, until sufficiently dried. It is not unusual to see a whole village with its walls thus garnished, which has a singular and not very agreeable appearance to a European traveller. Towards the end of autumn, the result of the summer collection of fuel for winter is shown in large conical heaps or stacks of dried dung upon the top of every cottage. The usages of the Jews in this matter were probably similar in kind, although the extent to which they prevailed cannot now be estimated. (See Kitto, Pictorial Hist, of the Jews, ii, p. cccxlix.— Smith, s. v.; Kitto, s. v. See Fuel. Dung-gate (riE'jxn ISi, sha'ar ha-ashpoth', Neh. iii, Moncler 14, or PDUXn ISSj, ii, 13; xii, 31; contracted TIE'lin ISb, sha'ar ha-shephoth', iii, 13, i. e. gate of the dung-hills; Sept. i) irv\n [v. r. in xii, 31, To TttX°c] TMfc KoTrpine; Vulg. porta sterquilinii or [ii, 13] stercoris; A.V. "dung-port" in ii, 13), a gate of ancient Jerusalem on the south-west quarter, 1000 cubits from the Valley Gate (Neh. iii, 13) toward the south (Neh. xii, 31); a position that fixes it at the S.W. angle of Mt. Zion
(see Strong's Harm, and Expos, of the Gosp. App. ii, p. 11). It was doubtless so called from the piles of garbage collected in the valley of Tophet (q. v.) below. See Bethso. (Compare the Esquiline Hill at Home.) Moncler Jackets Josephus (War, v, 4, 2) calls it the Gate of the Essenes (>) 'Eaanviv irvXrj). See JerusaLem. DUNGHILL (m'BIBS, athpoth', 1 Sam. ii, 8; Psa. cxiii, 7; Lam. iv, 5; nj^lfl, madmenah', a heap of compost, Isa. xxv. 10; Chald. ^13, nevalu', Ezra vii, 11, or TS1J, nevali', Dan. ii, 5; iii, 29, a sink; Greek Koirpi'a, Ecclus. xxii, 2; Luke xiv, 35). From Isa.xxv, 10, we learn that the bulk of manure was increased by the addition of straw, which was, of coarse, as with us, left to rot in the dunghill. Some of the regulations connected with this use of dung we learn from the Talmud. The heaping up of a dunghill in a public place exposed the owner to the repair of any damage it might occasion, and any one was at liberty Ugg Boots Sale to take it away (Jlaba Kama, i, 3, 3). Another regulation forbade the accumulation of the dunghill to be removed in the seventh or sabbatic year to the vicinity of any ground under culture (Skabb. iii, 1). which was equivalent to an interdiction of the use of manure in that year; and this must have occasioned